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	<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
	<html>
	<head>
	<title>Kidney Cancer: Urology at UCLA</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<meta name="description" content="Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis, Types - Urology at UCLA">
	<meta name="keywords" content="Kidney Cancer, cancer of kidney, kidney cancer treatment, cancer in kidney cancer of the kidney, symptoms,treatment,diagnosis">
	<style type="text/css">
		@import url(default.css);
		@import url("healthsystem.css");
	</style>
<script language="javascript" src="scripts/weather.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
	<script src="scripts/AC_ActiveX.js" type="text/javascript"></script> 
	<script src="scripts/AC_RunActiveContent.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
	<script src="scripts/popup.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
	<script type="text/JavaScript">
	<!--
	function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
		var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc;
	}
	function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
		var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
			var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
			if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
	}
	function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
		var p,i,x;  if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
			d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}
		if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n];
		for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
		if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
	}	
	function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
		var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3)
		 if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];}
	}
	//
	function addEvent(obj, evType, fn){
		if (obj.addEventListener){
			obj.addEventListener(evType, fn, false);
			return true;
		} else if (obj.attachEvent){
			var r = obj.attachEvent("on"+evType, fn);
			return r;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
	function DHTMLIframeHeight(){
		var z	=	new RegExp('lryParentmain[0-9]+');
		var x	=	new RegExp('Framelyr[0-9]+');
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							l = document.getElementById('lyr'+a[c]).getElementsByTagName("a");
							e[i].style.height = "0px";
							for(h=0; classname = l[h].className; h++){
								try{
									if(classname == "clSubb1"){
										d++;
										u = 0;
										u = l[h].innerHTML.length;
										u = Math.floor(u / 16);
										if(u <= 0){u = 1;}
										u = u * 23;
										t = t + u;
										e[i].style.height = t;
									}
								}
								catch(error2) {
									//
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			catch(error) {
				//
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		}
	}
	if(navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 6') > 0){
		addEvent(window, 'load', DHTMLIframeHeight);
	}
	//
	//-->
</script>
<script language="javascript">
var readMoreToggle = false;
function readMoreOnClick(varRef, state)
{
	if (state == 2)
	{
		//document.getElementById("swvar_additionalinfo").innerHTML = "";
		document.getElementById("more_info"+varRef).style.display = "none";
		document.getElementById("more_info_text"+varRef).innerHTML = "<a href='javascript:void(0)' onclick='readMoreOnClick("+varRef+",1);'><span id='more_info_text"+varRef+"'>Read More</span> &raquo;</a>";
		readMoreToggle = false;
	}
	else
	{
		//document.getElementById("swvar_additionalinfo").innerHTML = document.getElementById("swvar_additionalinfo_text").value;
		document.getElementById("more_info"+varRef).style.display = "inline";
		document.getElementById("more_info_text"+varRef).innerHTML = "<a href='javascript:void(0)' onclick='readMoreOnClick("+varRef+",2);'><span id='more_info_text"+varRef+"'>Minimize</span> &raquo;</a>";
		readMoreToggle = true;
	}				
}
</script>
	
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			return r;
		} else {
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	// Triggers a resize on page load 
	msd_fontsizeAddEvent(window, 'load', msd_fontsizeInit);
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		if(document.getElementById('msd_increase')){
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	function msd_fontsizeSetCookie(value) { 
		var name = "msd_fontsize_relative";
		
		var curCookie = name + "=" + escape(value);
		
		document.cookie = curCookie;
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	// function to get the cookie value.
	function msd_fontsizeGetCookie(){
		var name = "msd_fontsize_relative";
		if (document.cookie.indexOf(name) != -1) {
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	function msd_fontsizeGetCurrentFontSize(elem){
		var ieFontScale	=	new Array ("10","11","12","14","18","24","30","36","48","60","72");
		if ( elem == null )
			return null;
		
		// if the style isn't defined inline, then ask the browser to compute the current size	
		if ( elem.style.fontSize == "")
		{
			var browserName=navigator.appName; 
			var browserVer=parseInt(navigator.appVersion); 
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			} catch(err) {/*alert(elem + ": " + err.description + " ");*/}
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	// Increments the fontsize of an element.
	function msd_fontsizeIncrementElement(elem,size){
		var currentSize;
		var currentVal;
		var currentUnit;
		var unitPattern = /[A-Z]+$/i;
		
		if ( msd_fontsizeParentIsFiltered(elem) )
		{
			currentSize = msd_fontsizeGetCurrentFontSize(elem);
			currentVal = currentSize.substring(0,currentSize.search(unitPattern));
			currentUnit = currentSize.substring(currentSize.search(unitPattern),currentSize.length);
		
			if ( currentVal > 0)
				elem.style.fontSize = (size + parseFloat(currentVal)) + currentUnit;
		}
	}
	// Increments the font size of every element on the page by "size."
	// Size can be either +,-,default, or an integer value between the max and min allowed.
	// the dontUpdateCookie flag prevents the function from updating the cookie after the font resize.
	function msd_fontsizeIncrement(size,dontUpdateCookie){
		if( size == "+" )
			size = 1;	
		else if ( size == "-" )
			size = -1;
		else if ( size == "default" )
			size = -msd_fontsizeGetCookie();	
		else
			size = parseInt(size);
			
		if ( dontUpdateCookie == null )
			msd_fontsizeSetCookie( size + msd_fontsizeGetCookie() );
			
		for ( var i=0; element = document.getElementsByTagName("*")[i]; i++ )
			msd_fontsizeIncrementElement(element,size);
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<script type="text/javascript">
//<!--
var ns4 = (document.layers);
var ie  = (document.all);
var ie4 = (ie && !document.getElementById);
var ie5 = (ie && document.getElementById);
var ns6 = (!ie && document.getElementById);

var aryMoused = new Array();
var aryLayerMoused = new Array();
var aryMoImages = new Array();
var imageList = new Array();
var runMouseOvers = true;
var TimerID = null;
var iLimit = 25;
var itmp = 0;

var nbTime = 100;
var nbTimes = 2;
var nbThisLoc = 325;
var aryLayerNames = new Array();
var aryNavBarLayerInfo = new Array();
var aryNavBarLayers = new Array();

var registeredObjects = new Array();
var viz = "hide";

function MOImage() {
	var arg = MOImage.arguments;
	this.ptrImage = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(arg[0]);
	this.imageMO = new Image();
	this.imageMO.src = arg[1];
	this.HTMLname = arg[0];
	this.Moused = false;
	this.OriginalSrc = '';
	return true;
}

function BillzImagePreload() {
	// 0) html image name 1) mo image src 2)image Name for rollover key (rollover may have multiple mos for one html Image) 
	var arg = BillzImagePreload.arguments;
	nbImagePreload(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]);
}

function nbImagePreload(img_name, mo_img_src, rollover_key_img_name) {
	var imageKey = (rollover_key_img_name.length > 0) ? rollover_key_img_name : img_name;
	imageList[imageList.length] = imageKey;
	if (!(aryMoImages[imageKey])) aryMoImages[imageKey] = new MOImage(img_name, mo_img_src);
}

function BillzMouseover() {
	var arg = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) {		
		arg = BillzMouseover.arguments; //args 0)ImageName 1)OriginalSrc 2)array index (caller imagename)		
		nbMouseover(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]);
	}
	return true;
}
// args 1) ImageName 2) OriginalSrc 3) array index (caller imagename)
function nbMouseover(img_name, orig_src, img_key) {
	var imageKey = null;
	var o = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) 
	{				
		imageKey = (img_key.length > 0) ? img_key : img_name;
		if (!(aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage)) aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(img_name);		
		if (aryMoImages[imageKey] && (o = aryMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage)) {
			aryMoImages[imageKey].OriginalSrc = orig_src;
			aryMoImages[imageKey].Moused = true;
			o.src = aryMoImages[imageKey].imageMO.src;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

var NavBarTempOnload = null;
if (window.onload && window.onload != null) NavBarTempOnload = window.onload;

function FullyLoaded() {
	if (NavBarTempOnload != null) NavBarTempOnload();
	runMouseOvers = true;
	return true;
}

function BillzMouseOutTimer() {
	return nbMouseOutTimer();
}

function nbMouseOutTimer() {
	if (TimerID) clearTimeout(TimerID);
	TimerID = setTimeout("nbLayerRestore()",5000);
	return true;
}

function RestoreAll() {
	nbMouseoverRestore();
	nbLayerRestore();
	return true;
}

function BillzMouseoverRestore() {
	return nbMouseoverRestore();
}

function nbMouseoverRestore() {
	var i = 0;
	var o = null;
	if (runMouseOvers) {
		for (i = 0; i < imageList.length; i++) {
			if (aryMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused && (o = aryMoImages[imageList[i]].ptrImage)) {
				o.src = aryMoImages[imageList[i]].OriginalSrc;
				aryMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused = false;
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzLayerRestore() {
	return nbLayerRestore();
}

function nbLayerRestore() {
	var i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < aryLayerNames.length; i++) {
		if (!aryNavBarLayerInfo[aryLayerNames[i]].isDefault) BillzNavBarRestoreLayers(aryLayerNames[i]);	
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzArrayPushUnique(aryArray, varNewElement) { //only pushes if unique value
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	if (pushIt) BillzArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement);
	return pushIt;
}

function BillzArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement) { //Implement Array Push 'cause IE cant handle it
	aryArray[aryArray.length] = varNewElement;
	return true;
}
function BillzArrayPop(aryArray) { //Implement Array Pop 'cause IE cant handle it before 5.5
	var varItemToPop = null;
	if (aryArray[aryArray.length - 1]) {
		varItemToPop = aryArray[aryArray.length - 1];
		aryArray[aryArray.length] = null;
	}
	return varItemToPop;
}

function getDivRef(id) {
	var divref;
	if(ns4) divref = document.layers[id];
	else if(ie4) divref = document.all[id];
	else if(ie5 || ns6) divref = document.getElementById(id);	
	return divref;
}

//v3.0 name changed to avoid clash with possible other JS in content, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver
function NavBarSwapRollover(swapimage,defaultimage,imageID) {
	if(imageID.length > 0 && document.getElementById(imageID))
	{
		if(swapimage.length > 0) 
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + swapimage;
		else
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + defaultimage;		
	}
}
function BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n, d) {
	var p,i,x;
	if (ns6) x = document.getElementById(n);
	else {		
		if (registeredObjects[n]) return registeredObjects[n];
		if (!(d)) d = document;
		try {
			p = n.indexOf("?");
		}
		catch(e) {
			p = 0;
		}
		if (p > 0 && parent.frames.length) {
			d = parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document;
			n = n.substring(0,p);
		}
		if (!(x = d[n]) && d.all) x = d.all[n];	
		for (i = 0; !x && i < d.forms.length; i++) {
			x = d.forms[i][n];
		}
		for (i=0; !x && d.layers && i < d.layers.length; i++) {
			if (d.layers[i].id.indexOf("external_") == -1) x = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n, d.layers[i].document);	
		}
		registeredObjects[n] = x;
	}				
	return x;
}

function BillzArrayContains() {
	var arg = BillzArrayContains.arguments;
	var foundit = false;
	var i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < arg[0].length && !foundit; i++) {
		foundit = (arg[1] == arg[0][i]);
	}
	return foundit;
}

function NavBarRegisterLayer() {
	var arg = NavBarRegisterLayer.arguments;
	var n = arg[0];
	var d = arg[1];
	var mo = false;
	var o = null;
	if (arg[2] && arg[2] == 'MOutLayer') mo = true;
	else mo = false;
	
	if (!(BillzArrayContains(aryLayerNames, n))) {
		if (o = BillzNavBarMM_findObj(n)) {
			aryNavBarLayers[n] = o;
			BillzArrayPushUnique(aryLayerNames, n);
			aryNavBarLayerInfo[n] = new NavBarLayer(n, d, mo);
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzNavBarMM_showHideLayers() {
	//v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations by Bill Heller
	var i = 0;
	var x = "";
	var obj = null;
	var v = null;
	var p = null;
	var args = BillzNavBarMM_showHideLayers.arguments;
	
	if (args[args.length - 1] != "menu") nbMouseOutTimer();
	for (i = 0; i < (args.length - 2); i += 3) {
		if (!aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			x = (args[i + 2] == 'show') ? 'hide' : 'show';
			NavBarRegisterLayer(args[i], x);
		}
		if ((obj = aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) != null) {
			v = args[i + 2];
			aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = false;
			if (args[args.length - 1] == "restore") v = (v == 'show') ? 'hide' : 'show';
			
			if (obj.style) obj.style.visibility = (v == 'show') ? 'visible' : ((v == 'hide') ? 'hidden' : v);
			else obj.visibility = v;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function BillzNavBarRestoreLayers() {
	var i = 0;
	var x = "";
	var obj = null;
	var v = null;
	var p = null;
	var args = BillzNavBarRestoreLayers.arguments;
	for (i = 0; i < (args.length); i++) {
		if (obj = aryNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			v = aryNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].defaultVisibility;
			if (obj.style) {
				obj = obj.style;
				v = (v == 'show' ) ? 'visible' : ((v == 'hide') ? 'hidden' : v);
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function DHTMLMOImage() {
	var a = DHTMLMOImage.arguments;
	this.ptrImage = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(a[0]);
	this.imageMO = new Image();
	this.imageMO.src = a[1];
	this.HTMLname = a[0];
	this.Moused = false;
	this.OriginalSrc = '';
}
// 0) html image name 1) mo image src 2)image Name for rollover key (rollover may have multiple mos for one html Image)
function DHTMLNavBarImagePreload() {
	var arg = DHTMLNavBarImagePreload.arguments;
	imageKey = (arg[2])?arg[2]:arg[0];
	DHTMLimageList[DHTMLimageList.length] = imageKey;
	if(!(aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey])) 
		aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey] = new DHTMLMOImage(arg[0],arg[1]);	
}
function DHTMLNavBarMouseover() {
	var a = null;
	var imageKey = null;
	var o = null;	
	if (DHTMLrunMouseOvers)
	{
		//args 0)ImageName 1)OriginalSrc 2)array index (caller imagename)
		a = DHTMLNavBarMouseover.arguments;
		imageKey = (a[2])?a[2]:a[0];
		if(!(aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage))
			aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(a[0]);		
		if(aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey] && (o = aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage))
		{
			aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].OriginalSrc = a[1];
			aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].Moused = true;
			o.src = aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].imageMO.src;
		}
	}
}

var DHTMLNavBarTemponload = null;
if (window.onload && window.onload != null)
	DHTMLNavBarTemponload = window.onload;

function DHTMLFullyLoaded() {
	if (DHTMLNavBarTemponload != null) 
		DHTMLNavBarTemponload();
	DHTMLrunMouseOvers = true;
	return true;
}	
function DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer() {
	if(DHTMLTimerID) 
		clearTimeout(DHTMLTimerID); 
	DHTMLTimerID = setTimeout("DHTMLNavBarLayerRestore()",5000);
}	
function DHTMLRestoreParent(layername) {
	for(var i=0;i < aryDHTMLLayerNames.length;i++)
	{
		if(!aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[aryDHTMLLayerNames[i]].isDefault)
		{			
			if(!(aryDHTMLLayerNames[i] == layername) && aryDHTMLLayerNames[i].indexOf("grand") == -1) 
				DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers(aryDHTMLLayerNames[i]);			
		}
	}
}	
function DHTMLRestoreAll() {
	DHTMLNavBarMouseoverRestore();
	DHTMLNavBarLayerRestore();
}	
function DHTMLNavBarMouseoverRestore() {
	var i = 0;
	var o = null;
	if (DHTMLrunMouseOvers)
	{
		for (var i=0; i < DHTMLimageList.length; i++)
		{
			if (aryDHTMLMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused && (o = aryDHTMLMoImages[imageList[i]].ptrImage)) {
				o.src = aryDHTMLMoImages[imageList[i]].OriginalSrc;
				aryDHTMLMoImages[imageList[i]].Moused = false;
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}	
function DHTMLNavBarLayerRestore() {
	for(var i=0;i < aryDHTMLLayerNames.length;i++)
	{
		if(!aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[aryDHTMLLayerNames[i]].isDefault) 
			DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers(aryDHTMLLayerNames[i]);		
	}
}	
function DHTMLNavBarArrayPushUnique(aryArray, varNewElement){
	//only pushes if unique value
	var pushIt = true;
	for (var i=0;i < aryArray.length && pushIt;i++) 
	{
		pushIt = (varNewElement!=aryArray[i]);
	}
	if(pushIt) 
		DHTMLNavBarArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement);	
	
	return pushIt;
}
function DHTMLNavBarArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement) {
	//Implement Array Push 'cause IE cant handle it
	aryArray[aryArray.length]=varNewElement;
}	
function DHTMLNavBarArrayPop(aryArray) {
	//Implement Array Pop 'cause IE cant handle it before 5.5
	var varItemToPop = null;
	if(aryArray[aryArray.length-1]) {
		varItemToPop = aryArray[aryArray.length-1];
		aryArray[aryArray.length]=null;
	}
	return varItemToPop;
}
	
var registeredObjects = new Array();
//v3.0 name changed to avoid clash with possible other JS in content, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver
function DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(n, d) {
	x = document.getElementById(n);
	return x;
}
	
var DHTMLNavBarTime         = 100;
var DHTMLNavBarTimes        = 2;
var DHTMLNavBarmoveDistance = 1;
var DHTMLNavBarThisLoc      = 325;
var aryDHTMLLayerNames      = new Array();
var aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo = new Array();
var aryDHTMLNavBarLayers    = new Array();
	
function DHTMLNavBarArrayContains()	{
	var a = DHTMLNavBarArrayContains.arguments;
	var foundit = false;
	for(var i=0; i < a[0].length && !foundit; i++) 
	{
		foundit = (a[1]==a[0][i]);
	}
	return foundit;
}
	
function DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer()	{
	var a = DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer.arguments;
	var n = a[0];
	var d = a[1];
	if(a[2] && a[2] == 'MOutLayer')
		var mo = true;
	else 
		var mo = false;	
	
	if(!(DHTMLNavBarArrayContains(aryDHTMLLayerNames,n)))
	{
		if(o = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(n))
		{
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[n] = o;
			DHTMLNavBarArrayPushUnique(aryDHTMLLayerNames,n);
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[n] = new DHTMLNavBarLayer(n,d,mo);
		}
	}
}
	
// v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations
function DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers()	{
	var i,p,v,x,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers.arguments;
	if(args[args.length-1] != "menu") 
		DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer(); 
	for (var i=0; i<(args.length-2); i+=3)
	{
		if(!aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			x = (args[i+2]=='show')?'hide':'show';
			DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer(args[i],x);
		}
	 	if ((obj=aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]])!=null)
		{
			v = args[i+2];
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = false;
	 		if(args[args.length-1] == "restore") 
				v = (v=='show')?'hide':'show';			
			if (obj.style)
				obj.style.visibility = (v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			else 
				obj.visibility = v;			
		}
	}
}
	
// v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations
function DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideGrandLayers() {
	var i,p,v,x,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideGrandLayers.arguments;
	if(args[args.length-1] != "menu") 
		DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer();
	for (var i=0; i < (args.length-2); i+=3)
	{
		if(!aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			x = (args[i+2]=='show')?'hide':'show';
			DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer(args[i],x);
		}
	 	if ((obj=aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]])!=null)
		{
			v = args[i+2];
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = false;
	 			if(args[args.length-1] == "restore"){
				v = (v=='show')?'hide':'show';		
			}
			if (obj.style)
				obj.style.visibility = (v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			else 
	 			obj.visibility = v;			
		}
	}
}
function DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers()	{
	var i,p,v,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers.arguments;
	for (var i=0; i < (args.length); i++)
	{		
	 	if (obj = aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]])
		{
			v = aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].defaultVisibility;
			var strobjid = obj.id;
			if (obj.style)
			{
				obj=obj.style;				
				v=(v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			}
			obj.visibility = v;
			if (!aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].MOutLayer) 
				aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault=true;			
		}
	}
}
function DHTMLNavBarLayer()	{
	var a = DHTMLNavBarLayer.arguments;
	this.defaultVisibility = a[1];
	this.isDefault = true;
	this.MOutLayer = a[2];
}
	
var viz = "hide";
function DHTMLNavBarNavMove() {
	if(thisl==DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj("DHTMLNavBarScrollLayer"))	
	{
		if(thisl.style)
		{
			thisl=thisl.style;
			viz="hidden";
		}
		thisl.top = DHTMLNavBarThisLoc -= 3;
		if(DHTMLNavBarThisLoc < -750)
		{
			DHTMLNavBarThisLoc=325;
			DHTMLNavBarTimes--;
		}
	}
	if (DHTMLNavBarTimes<=0)
	{
		otherl=DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj("DHTMLNavBarLayer");
		otherl.visibility=viz;
	}
	else setTimeout("DHTMLNavBarNavMove()",DHTMLNavBarTime);	
}
function DHTML_swapImgRestore()	{ 	
 	var i,x,a=document.Sliding_sr;
 	for(var i=0; a && i < a.length && (x=a[i]) && x.oSrc; i++) 
	{			
		x.src = x.oSrc;
	}
}
function DHTML_preloadImages() { 
 	var d=document;
 	if(d.images)
 	{
 		if(!d.Sliding_p) 
			d.Sliding_p=new Array();	
		var i,j=d.Sliding_p.length,a=DHTML_preloadImages.arguments;
		for(var i=0; i < a.length; i++)
		{
	 		if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0)
			{
				d.Sliding_p[j]=new Image;
				d.Sliding_p[j++].src=a[i];
			}
		}
	}
}
function DHTML_findObj(n, d) { 
	var p,i,x;
	if(!d) 
		d=document;	
	if((p=n.indexOf("?")) > 0 && parent.frames.length)
	{
	 	d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document;
		n=n.substring(0,p);
	}
	if(!(x=d[n]) && d.all) 
		x=d.all[n];
	for (var i=0; !x && i < d.forms.length; i++) 
	{
		x = d.forms[i][n];	
	}
	for(var i=0; !x && d.layers && i < d.layers.length; i++) 
	{
		x = DHTML_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
	}
	 if(!x && d.getElementById) 
		x=d.getElementById(n);	
		
	return x;
}
function DHTML_swapImage() { 
	var i,j=0,x,a=DHTML_swapImage.arguments;
	document.Sliding_sr=new Array;
	for(var i=0; i < (a.length-2); i+=3)
	{
		if ((x=DHTML_findObj(a[i]))!=null)
		{
			document.Sliding_sr[j++] = x;
			if(!x.oSrc)
				x.oSrc=x.src;			
			x.src = a[i+2];
		}
	}
}
function DHTMLNavBarSwapRollover(swapimage,defaultimage,imageID) {
	if(imageID.length > 0 && document.getElementById(imageID))
	{
		if(swapimage.length > 0) 
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + swapimage;
		else
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + defaultimage;		
	}
}
window.onload = DHTMLFullyLoaded;
			

//-->
</script>
			
	
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tr>
		<td valign="top">
		<div id="lryParentmain18" class="Parentmain1"  onmouseover="DHTMLRestoreAll();DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers('lyr18','','show','menu');" onmouseout="DHTML_swapImgRestore();" onclick="DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie('18');">
			<table border="0" class="ParentNav1" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
				<tr id="pRow18" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
					<td valign="top" style="" id="pLink18"><a href="body.cfm?id=18" target="" class="clMain1">Conditions Treated</a></td>
				</tr>
			</table>
			<div id="lyr18" class="clLeft1" onMouseOut="DHTMLRestoreAll();">
				<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="ChildNav1" border="0">
					<tr id="cRow18_1" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_1"><a href="body.cfm?id=23" target="" class="clSubb1">Alphabetical List of Conditions Treated</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow18_2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_2"><a href="body.cfm?id=24" target="" class="clSubb1">Adult Conditions</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow18_3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_3"><a href="body.cfm?id=44" target="" class="clSubb1">Pediatric Conditions</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow18_4" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_4"><a href="body.cfm?id=45" target="" class="clSubb1">Male Conditions</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow18_5" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_5"><a href="body.cfm?id=46" target="" class="clSubb1">Female Conditions</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow18_6" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink18_6"><a href="body.cfm?id=47" target="" class="clSubb1">Cancer Conditions</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
				<!--[if lte IE 6.5]>
				<div id="endTablelyr18" style="height:1px;overflow:hidden;"></div><iframe id="Framelyr18" frameborder="0" style="background-color:transparent;left:0px;position:absolute;top:0px;width:100%;height:90;z-index:-1;filter:mask();"></iframe>
				<![endif]-->
			</div>
		</div>
		</td>
		<td valign="top">
		<div id="lryParentmain19" class="Parentmain1"  onmouseover="DHTMLRestoreAll();DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers('lyr19','','show','menu');" onmouseout="DHTML_swapImgRestore();" onclick="DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie('19');">
			<table border="0" class="ParentNav1" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
				<tr id="pRow19" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
					<td valign="top" style="" id="pLink19"><a href="body.cfm?id=19" target="" class="clMain1">Physicians</a></td>
				</tr>
			</table>
			<div id="lyr19" class="clLeft1" onMouseOut="DHTMLRestoreAll();">
				<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="ChildNav1" border="0">
					<tr id="cRow19_1" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_1"><a href="body.cfm?id=175" target="" class="clSubb1">Faculty List</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_2"><a href="body.cfm?id=284" target="" class="clSubb1">Research Faculty</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_3"><a href="body.cfm?id=200" target="" class="clSubb1">General Adult Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_4" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_4"><a href="body.cfm?id=201" target="" class="clSubb1">Pediatric Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_5" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_5"><a href="body.cfm?id=202" target="" class="clSubb1">Urologic Oncology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_6" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_6"><a href="body.cfm?id=203" target="" class="clSubb1">Male Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_7" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_7"><a href="body.cfm?id=204" target="" class="clSubb1">Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery and Female Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_8" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_8"><a href="body.cfm?id=205" target="" class="clSubb1">Transplant Program</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_9" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_9"><a href="body.cfm?id=206" target="" class="clSubb1">Minimally Invasive Surgery</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
				</table>
				<!--[if lte IE 6.5]>
				<div id="endTablelyr19" style="height:1px;overflow:hidden;"></div><iframe id="Framelyr19" frameborder="0" style="background-color:transparent;left:0px;position:absolute;top:0px;width:100%;height:135;z-index:-1;filter:mask();"></iframe>
				<![endif]-->
			</div>
		</div>
		</td>
		<td valign="top">
		<div id="lryParentmain51" class="Parentmain1"  onmouseover="DHTMLRestoreAll();DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers('lyr51','','show','menu');" onmouseout="DHTML_swapImgRestore();" onclick="DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie('51');">
			<table border="0" class="ParentNav1" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
				<tr id="pRow51" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
					<td valign="top" style="" id="pLink51"><a href="body.cfm?id=51" target="" class="clMain1">Clinical Programs</a></td>
				</tr>
			</table>
			<div id="lyr51" class="clLeft1" onMouseOut="DHTMLRestoreAll();">
				<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="ChildNav1" border="0">
					<tr id="cRow51_1" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_1"><a href="body.cfm?id=52" target="" class="clSubb1">General Adult Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_2"><a href="body.cfm?id=56" target="" class="clSubb1">Pediatric Urology Program</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_3"><a href="body.cfm?id=248" target="" class="clSubb1">Prostate Cancer Program</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_4" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_4"><a href="body.cfm?id=53" target="" class="clSubb1">Urologic Oncology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_5" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_5"><a href="body.cfm?id=54" target="" class="clSubb1">Male Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_6" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_6"><a href="body.cfm?id=55" target="" class="clSubb1">Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery and Female Urology</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow51_7" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink51_7"><a href="body.cfm?id=57" target="" class="clSubb1">Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
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										  <h1 class="pagetitle" id="pagetitle"><strong>Conditions Treated</strong> / Kidney Cancer</h1>
										
										











	<h2>Kidney Cancer<br /><br /></h2>
<h3 style="color: #993300">Cancer of Kidney<br /><br /></h3>
<p>According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 51,190 people in the United States will be diagnosed with<strong> kidney cancer </strong>(31,590 men and 19,600 women) and about 12,890 people (8,080 men and 4,810 women) will die from this disease. As with all cancers, early <strong>diagnosis of kidney cancer</strong> dramatically improves the chance for survival. Although the prognosis is relatively poor for kidney cancer that is advanced (metastasized), promising new treatments are improving the outlook for patients.</p>
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<h3 style="color: #993300">Types</h3>
<p>There are several types of <strong>kidney cancer</strong>. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which makes up approximately 85 percent of all cases, the tumor develops in the lining of the small tubes within the kidneys, where the blood is filtered and the urine produced. Less common is transitional cell carcinoma, which develops in the tissues that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Wilms&rsquo; tumor, a type of kidney cancer affecting children, accounts for approximately 6 percent of pediatric cancers.</p>
<p>Certain factors are associated with increased susceptibility to <strong>kidney cancer</strong>. Smokers are at a much higher risk &ndash; it&rsquo;s estimated that as many as one in four kidney cancers are caused by smoking. Other risk factors include age (RCC is most common in adults 50-70), sex (men are diagnosed at twice the rate of women), a high-fat diet, obesity, high blood pressure, long-term dialysis treatment, exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace (including asbestos and cadmium), and a family history of kidney cancer (certain hereditary conditions such as Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome have been implicated).</p>
<h3 style="color: #993300">Symptoms</h3>
<p>The first <strong>symptoms of kidney cancer</strong> can include blood in the urine, fever, persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and back pain just below the ribs or on the side. Unfortunately, by the time these symptoms are felt, the disease has usually progressed beyond the early stage. In addition to a medical history and physical exam, diagnostic tests include blood and urine studies; imaging tests including ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); a cystoscopy to provide a view of the bladder, urethra and kidneys; and a biopsy. If cancer is found, these tests also help to determine the cancer&rsquo;s stage &ndash; whether it is confined to the kidney, has spread to surrounding tissue or a nearby lymph node, or has moved to distant parts of the body.</p>
<h3 style="color: #993300">Surgery and Treatment Options</h3>
<p>Treatment options for kidney cancer after a diagnosis have expanded dramatically. When the kidney cancer is in the early stage, surgery can remove the affected kidney (radical nephrectomy), or may spare the kidney while removing the tumor. Such surgery can also be performed laparoscopically &ndash; a minimally invasive approach associated with less pain and more rapid recovery than the open surgery. For smaller tumors located at the outer edge of the kidney, laparoscopy can also be used to perform cryotherapy &ndash; freezing the tumor, under ultrasound guidance, to kill the cancer cells while preserving the normal tissue.</p>
<p>For <strong>advanced kidney cancer</strong>, surgery may be followed by immunotherapy &ndash; administering interleukin-2 or interferon to stimulate an immune response against the tumor. In addition, new targeted therapies (drugs that, unlike the more toxic chemotherapy, aim specifically at killing cancer cells without harming normal cells) represent a major advance with the potential to revolutionize the treatment of advanced kidney cancer. Since 2005, three targeted therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating advanced kidney cancer: Sunitinib (Sutent), and Sorafenib (Nexavar), and Temsirolimus (Torisel), and&nbsp;a fourth, Avastin,&nbsp;approved for treating colorectal and lung cancers, is also being tested for kidney cancer. There are&nbsp;numerous advantages&nbsp;to these newer&nbsp;therapies. They can be easily administered orally in the form of a pill. These treatments are generally well tolerated and&nbsp;produce fewer side effects than traditional therapies.&nbsp; Although these therapies have only been FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer; there are several clinical trials investigating their use as a treatment for high risk patients (patients who are identified as being at a higher risk of developing recurrent kidney disease) as well as in combination with immunotherapy.</p>
<p>For kidney cancer patients in whom surgery alone or in combination with one of the established medication regimens is not curative, enrolling in a clinical trial can offer hope by providing access to cutting-edge treatments. One closely watched clinical trial involves a genetic vaccine for kidney cancer patients, developed at UCLA and being tested through the National Cancer Institute&rsquo;s Rapid Access to Intervention Development program. The goal of this novel tumor vaccine is to stimulate a patient's immune system to attack one's own kidney tumor. The treatment is based on the use of a patient's own immune cells that have been genetically engineered to express carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a novel RCC-associated protein that is expressed in almost all RCC tumors but not in normal kidney tissue. Based on nearly 10 years of work, this treatment will soon be ready for patients on an experimental protocol being performed only at UCLA.</p>
 
										
									
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